Lack of core technology of PV
Breakthroughs in core technologies of national power to create domestic demand and the environment, promote enterprises to upgrade, build a strong PV industry to cope with future energy crisis.
Solar energy is the next most clean, safe and reliable energy, developed countries are the development and utilization of solar energy revolution as the main long-term planning, following the photovoltaic industry becoming an international IT, microelectronics industry after another "bang" development of the industry .
Due to lack of core technology, the scale of production of photovoltaic cells Although China ranks third in the world, still get out of "two out" to earn a little money to the old model, and trigger a series of environmental pollution problems. Research reporter recently, most experts and the industry have suggested a high degree of national energy strategy should be clear as soon as the status of development and utilization of solar energy, promotion of technological innovation, enterprise upgrading the environment to create, to build a strong PV industry.
"Solar energy" potential agonist photovoltaic industry
In recent years, in anticipation of the non-renewable fossil fuels will eventually run out, all countries are actively seeking alternative sources of energy, in order to seize the high ground in the future development.
United Nations Development Programme and medium-sized hydropower stations of the new energy into the electricity; new renewable energy, including small hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, modern biomass, geothermal, ocean energy; traditional biomass and other three categories. According to the National Energy Board report predicted in 2050, the global alternative energy will be focused on nuclear fusion, gas hydrates, space solar power, hydrogen four directions.
Executive director of the China Renewable Energy Society, Solar Energy Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University PhD supervisor Professor Cui Rongqiang that in dozens of renewable energy, solar minimum by resource constraints, the most likely application will become to solve the problem of future energy the best way.
Rong-Qiang Cui said that solar energy the most abundant, cleanest, most secure and reliable, as long as human use of sunlight a day can be resolved five thousandths of electricity.
His analysis, 76% of the land of abundant light, a more uniform distribution of light energy; and hydropower, wind power, nuclear power compared to solar power without any emissions and noise, application of technology is mature, safe and reliable; addition to large-scale grid and off-grid applications, solar energy can also be pumped, superconductivity, batteries, hydrogen storage and other means, "solar + storage" almost meet the energy needs of China's future stability.
Currently, the best way to use solar energy photovoltaic conversion, is the use of "photovoltaic effect", so that the sun shines on the production of silicon materials, direct current power. Application development to the formation of silicon material called the photovoltaic industry, the industrial chain, including production of high purity polysilicon, solar cell manufacturing, solar module production, manufacturing, and other related production equipment.
Global seize the "PV" opportunities
Germany, Japan, the United States as the representative of the developed countries have aimed at solar energy applications rushing to ride "Express." From the 20th century, late 90s, a number of high-level research institutions in Europe has increased the use of solar energy. June 1997 the U.S. proposed "Million Solar Roofs Plan", Plan 2010, one million roofs in the other possible sites or buildings to install solar systems. Around Europe in 1997, announced a million roofs program.
Meanwhile, developed countries put forward various policy support for PV applications. 70% of the German government subsidies for solar power generation cost of business, allowing solar network; Singapore companies to enter the domestic photovoltaic tax-free for 10 years, 50% of R & D funds provided by the Government.
LDK Solar LDK vice president Dr. Zhu Liangbao said the support of Governments, the current rate of expansion of the global PV industry is astonishing.
Germany, Japan and other major powers continue to maintain high solar input, 70% of Silicon Valley, California industry for the solar industry over the past few months, including IBM, Shell UK and other international giants have declared photovoltaic industry, South Korea, also launched this year PV development plan, Samsung, Hyundai and other companies to declare.
Since 2005, the global shortage in silicon, the case of soaring prices, the PV industry is still an annual increase of 44% of the sustained and rapid development. Actual production in 2006 is close to 2.6GW (GW), production capacity more than 3GW, 2007 with an annual capacity breakthrough 5GW. According to statistics, the global PV power generation in 2007 compared to less than 0.01%, even though by 2010 this proportion does not exceed 0.1%, the photovoltaic industry is booming in the early stages of the world market is far from saturated.
"Two out" technical difficulties to be broken
China is the world's third largest solar cell producer after Japan and Germany. According to the China Solar Energy Association, the global solar cell production in 2007 was 4000MW (MW), China's solar cell production of about 1180MW, up nearly 3 times more than in 2006, representing the world's 1 / 4, photovoltaic module production accounts for more than half of the world .
At present, China has formed an international group of photovoltaic industry to LDK Solar, Suntech photovoltaic representative of a group of private enterprises have grown into a strong leader in international competitiveness. 2005 to 2007 just 3 years, China has a total of 10 PV companies in the overseas market, financing amounted to 20 billion U.S. dollars, close to the financing of all domestic listed companies in the amount of coal the sum, which is rare in other industries.
Interviewed industry experts believe that as long as China can firmly seize the opportunity to increase training intensity, the next most likely to have a similar company in the field of photovoltaic "super aircraft carrier Enterprise," leads the global PV industry.
However, it is understood that the core technology of polysilicon - trichlorosilane reduction monopoly in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries the hands of a few enterprises, Chinese enterprises is difficult to obtain key technologies. Because they do not grasp the core technology, the domestic photovoltaic industry, the cost of most of the profits to be offset.
Follow from silicon material (polysilicon) to the solar cell industry divide, solar photovoltaic power generation industry structure presents a small upstream and downstream large pyramid. The distribution of profits, it is accounted for the bulk of the upstream, high-purity silicon solar cell material prices account for about 70% of the cost.
In the industry view, China's solar cell industry and other industries in China as experienced by the way, also serves as the role of OEM, on the one hand the domestic solar energy companies at high prices of polysilicon and other raw materials imported, on the other hand to produce the solar cell, part of the parity sold abroad, and in the international market is not competitive, which makes profits of the domestic production of solar cells thinner, can only be spent for domestic energy and manpower to the meager "Contract fee." "
Polysilicon production technology, but customs, safety and environmental protection also bring great risks.
The production of polysilicon is a purification process, in this process, if the recovery process immature, generated during the production of trichlorosilane, silicon tetrachloride, hydrogen chloride, chlorine and other harmful substances likely to leak out, there are significant safety and pollution risk. Among them, the sound of the silicon tetrachloride treatment as the biggest bottleneck restricting the development of one of polysilicon.
Meanwhile, the PV industry is high technology threshold, requires a lot of professionals to augment the production and R & D, our country has not a college specializing in training personnel PV, many professional transition from the semiconductor, a large number of companies facing a "shortage of workers . " Very few domestic solar photovoltaic research and development institutions, national R & D investment funds pitiful. Ability of independent innovation of domestic large enterprises is poor, small businesses to make "fast money" for the purpose of more reluctant to invest in research and development.
In addition, China is only solar energy, "Application of a small country", the domestic market fundamentals did not start. The end of 2006 the cumulative installed PV capacity is only 80MW, accounting for 1% of the world market; installed in 2007 about 20MW, total installed capacity of only 100MW, accounting for 0.8% of the world market, which exacerbated the PV industry's dependence on external markets.
Strategic planning photovoltaic industry
Number of industry respondents believe that China is imperative that firmly grasp the international PV industry is flourishing, a new round of historic opportunity, as soon as possible from the high energy strategy long-term planning to develop PV industry to take effective measures to break the bottleneck of industrial development, support and encourage the development of photovoltaic industry, launched a large-scale domestic market, international competition for dominance.
At present, China factors restricting the development of PV industry still abound. The state for the photovoltaic industry planning lags far behind the rapid industrial development of the situation, relevant support, incentive policies for rare, is still in the development of the domestic photovoltaic industry "folk to promote government" state.
Especially relevant state industrial policies lag behind the industry competition. First, the "Renewable Energy Law" General lack of rules, the Act came into force two years ago, very few PV incentives to implement the power sector has not fully accepted the photovoltaic power generation Internet, several domestic photovoltaic power generation project is only demonstration.
Second, the authorities lack of knowledge of photovoltaic power generation, that the photovoltaic industry, high pollution and high consumption in the approval, support and other aspects of "still holds partly concealed."
It is understood that the polysilicon solar project in late 2005 after it was formally appear in the national industrial directory, the directory had been included in the semiconductor, and even independent "status" at all. In recent years, occurred in some places the customs of imported raw materials, as polysilicon foreign garbage, refused to allow entry of the event. Many local officials reflected strictly PV project approval, project too difficult, and sometimes a good project for months or even a whole year has also approved for it, missed opportunities for development. For example, Shanghai 5 years ago by the World Wildlife Foundation's "100,000 Solar Roofs Plan", has been dragged down have not yet approved.
Third, the lack of overall planning, industrial policy, industrial development lags behind. Dr. Zhu Liangbao said, the state has no uniform development of photovoltaic industry layout, fragmented nature of the item on local government competition, enterprise development and competitiveness of homogeneity is widespread.
Considering the status of domestic and international PV industry, experts interviewed suggested that the development of the Government to establish the strategic positioning of solar PV in the development planning, scientific research, personnel training, etc. play a series of "combination punches." Government research organization personnel effectively the world's energy situation and development trend of photovoltaic power generation, the scientific development of China's PV development in the long-term road map and development plan, and to meet China's energy development in the actual planning.
Wonder and the party secretary of Jiangxi Xinyu said that the government drive is the world's photovoltaic technology and the main reason for the rapid development of industry, the state should be in research and development, equipment, standards, human resources, technological innovation and other aspects of the upstream industry, increase investment, further improve relevant investment policy, price policy, tax policy, the promotion of domestic solar photovoltaic technology, application, start the domestic solar photovoltaic market.
For the blind launched polysilicon project in some places, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhanguo suggested that the Government should selectively support qualified enterprises to independent research and development, sustainable development road, and strictly limited technological backwardness, high energy consumption and serious pollution of the environment may result in blindly launched the enterprise, have a deadline on the project to improve technology.
Professor Cui Rongqiang suggested accelerating the development of solar photovoltaic National Technology Center, currently on a good foundation of the Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhongshan University and other universities in the solar energy research center.
In addition, should be in the economically developed cities and small cities as soon as the sun starts good resources for a major demonstration projects, planning and "Do Roofs Plan" and the "million-kilowatt photovoltaic power plants." Recently, the state departments concerned have approved the Village Vanguard Shanghai's Chongming Island, the official network of photovoltaic power generation projects, and approved electricity price is 4 dollars per unit, this is the industry that has symbolic significance.
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